Luso lazojambula 101 – Mizere ndi Lembani mu Grafik Design

Mwina mwazindikira kuti Mizere imawoneka pafupifupi pamapangidwe onse omwe timawawona. This is because these elements provide balance and contrast in the whole design. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za kuyika kwa Mizere komanso kugwiritsa ntchito Mtundu pamapangidwe aliwonse. Kuphatikiza apo, muphunzira za kusankha kwa Typeface ndi kukula kwake. Pafupifupi mapangidwe onse amakhala ndi Mizere ndi Mtundu, kotero tiwonanso zinthu izi. Tidzakambirananso zosankha zosiyanasiyana zoyika za Mtundu komanso kufunikira kwa malo.

Lines are present in almost every design

As you may have noticed, mizere imakhala yofala pafupifupi pamapangidwe aliwonse a Grafik. Amalekanitsa zomwe zili ndikukopa chidwi cha wowonera pamalo enaake. Nazi zitsanzo za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mizere pamapangidwe anu:

Mizere imapangidwa ndi mfundo zomwe zimasanjidwa pamzere. Mfundo izi zikhoza kukhala zokhuthala, woonda, chokhotakhota, kapena wavy. Pafupifupi mapangidwe aliwonse amakhala ndi mtundu wina wa mzere. Iwo amachita monga olinganiza, kutsindika, ndi zinthu zokongoletsera. Pamene kupanga, samalani kuti muganizire zobisika komanso zosadziwika bwino za mizere. Kuphatikiza pa kufotokozera zolemba zanu, mizere imathandizanso kupanga kumverera komwe mukufuna kufotokoza.

Type arrangement

Typography is the art of arranging type. Ikhoza kukhudza kwambiri mauthenga apangidwe. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kulemera ndi makulidwe, wolimba mtima, kuwala, nthawi zonse, ndi zosawerengeka zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonjezera mphamvu ku lingaliro la mapangidwe. Kujambula kungaphatikizepo mawonekedwe, wankhanza, chonyezimira, ndi zofewa, kuwonjezera chidwi chowoneka ndi kuya kwa mawonekedwe, zithunzi, ndi text. Nawa maupangiri ogwiritsira ntchito typography bwino. Mukhozanso kupeza zitsanzo za typography zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chizindikiro, ukonde kapangidwe, ndi kusindikiza magazini.

Typeface selection

Typography is a crucial part of graphic design. Zikafika posankha typeface, ndikofunikira kukumbukira omvera anu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukuyang'ana omvera aukadaulo kwambiri, cholembera chomwe mwasankha chizikhala chamakono komanso choyera. Ngati mukuyang'ana omvera achikulire, mungafune typeface yokhala ndi rustic kwambiri, mawonekedwe owopsa. Mbali inayi, ngati mukupanga za ana, cholembera chokhala ndi umunthu wambiri ndi choyenera.

Chinthu choyamba posankha typeface ya kapangidwe kanu ndikudziwa bwino zilembo. Pezani zidziwitso zonse zofunika ndikufunsani chitsimikiziro cha glyph kuchokera pamtundu wa foundry. Muyeneranso kufunsa za zilolezo zapadera zoyeserera zamtundu womwe mukugwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, onetsetsani kuti mukudziwa zofunikira za kukula kwa zilembo. Mabanja amtundu wa mabuku angafunike kusindikizidwa kwapamwamba komanso kukula kwake kochulukira.

Type size

Typography is a complex process. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe akeake komanso kapangidwe kake. Mafonti osiyanasiyana amafuna makulidwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo zina ndi zazikulu kuposa zina. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kukula koyenera ndi kutsogolera kuti malemba awerengeke. Ngati simukutsimikiza, gwiritsani ntchito phale la Info kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa zilembo pamzere uliwonse. Izi zidzaonetsetsa kuti mawu anu amawerengedwa ndipo sangasokonezedwe kapena kubisika ndi masanjidwe ozungulira.

Tracking

Typography tracking is the process of adjusting fonts so that they are easy to read. Kutsata molimba kumapangitsa kuti mawu azikhala ocheperako komanso kumapangitsa kuti owerenga aziwerenga mosavuta. Kutsata molimba ndikwabwino kufinya zilembo zowonjezera pamzere, pamene looser kutsatira ndi bwino kupereka amakono, mawonekedwe apamwamba. Ngati simukutsimikiza ngati kutsatira ndikofunikira, yesani tsamba loyesa ndikuwona momwe mawuwo amawonekera.

M'chaka choyamba cha pulogalamuyi, ophunzira amaphunzira njira zonse zitatu zopangira kuti awawonetsetse bwino pamunda. M’chaka chawo chachiŵiri, ophunzira akhoza kuyang'ana pa ziwiri za njanji zimenezi. Posankha ziwiri mwa njirazi, ophunzira atha kupanga ukadaulo mu njanji imodzi pomwe akukulitsa zomwe akumana nazo mu njanji ina. Pali mapindu ambiri pachisankho chilichonse, komanso kuphatikiza situdiyo ndi ntchito yamaphunziro kumakhala kopindulitsa kwa wophunzira komanso makampani. Manjanji ndi osiyana mokwanira kuti ophunzira azitanganidwa.

Kerning

You may be wondering what kerning is, ndipo zikukhudzana bwanji ndi zojambulajambula. Kerning ndi njira yosiyanitsira zilembo mu font, kuwonetsetsa kuti munthu aliyense ali ndi malo ofanana. Komabe, muyenera kupewa kutsatira mosamalitsa masamu. Chifukwa cha izi ndikuti kuphatikiza zilembo zapadera kumapanga malingaliro osiyanasiyana a danga pakati pawo. M'malo mwake, mtunda wa masamu uyenera kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi mawonekedwe a mawu.

Gawo loyamba pakulemba mawu anu ndikuganizira momwe chilembo chilichonse chikukwanirana ndi chilembo chonsecho. Kuphatikizika kwa zilembo kumapangitsa malo ochulukirapo m'maso kuposa ena, kotero muyenera kudziwa izi. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma diagonal kukuthandizani kukwaniritsa izi. Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito kerning kuti mawu anu aziwoneka osangalatsa m'maso. Ngati simukudziwa ngati muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kerning kapena ayi, yang'anani zojambula zingapo ndikuwona momwe zimakhudzira mawonekedwe onse a zilembo.

Cholinga chachikulu cha kerning ndikuwongolera kuwerenga kwa mawu. Ngati kerning ndi yolakwika, idzamveka m'maso. Mukachita bwino, zimapanga kusiyana kwakukulu. Mapangidwe abwino amatumiza uthenga wanu momveka bwino komanso mwachangu. Kaya ndi uthenga wa imelo kapena malonda a pa intaneti, Kerning ipangitsa kuti ikhale yomveka bwino komanso yosakumbukika kwa owonera.

Leading

Leading is a very important part of website design, monga zimapanga kumverera koyenera pakati pa malemba ndi maziko. Ndikofunika kusunga otsogolera mofanana kapena ocheperapo pang'ono kusiyana ndi kukula kwa malemba, chifukwa izi zidzalimbikitsa kuwerenga bwino. Kuwonjezera zotsogola patsamba kumatha kupangitsa kuti zolembedwazo zikhale zolondola komanso zowoneka bwino. Komabe, kutsogolera sizinthu zokhazo zofunika pakupanga. Ndikofunikiranso kuganizira malo omwe alendo obwera patsamba lanu azigwiritsa ntchito, popeza ma desktops ndi akulu kuposa ma laputopu ndipo zida zam'manja zili ndi mazenera ang'onoang'ono.

Nthawi zambiri, kutsogolera kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi kukula kwa mfundo, ndipo sichiyenera kukhala choposa 15 mfundo. Izi ndichifukwa choti kutsogola kwambiri kumatha kupangitsa kuti mawu awoneke ngati othamanga kapena osokonekera, pamene looser kutsogolera kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwerenga. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kutsogolera pamene malemba adzakhala ochepa pa tsamba. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsogola kwambiri kungapangitse tsambalo kukhala losasangalatsa komanso losavuta kuwerenga. Posankha kutsogolera, ganizirani ngati zilembozo zili zazikulu, lonse, kapena zilembo zowonda.

Origin stories of graphic design in Berlin

While researching the history of German poster competitions, Jens Meyer anapeza buku lonena za Jurgen Spohn. Spohn anali wopanga zikwangwani zazaka za zana la 20 yemwe adamwalira koyambirira kwa 1990s., ndipo mkazi wake wamasiye ankakhala m’nyumba imodzi ndi malemu mwamuna wake. Cholinga cha Meyer chinali kulemba chikhalidwe cha West Berlin, makamaka tisanagwirizanenso. Meyer anachita chidwi ndi nkhani ya Spohn ndipo ankafuna kuphunzira zambiri za ntchito yake.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1900, kusindikiza kunakhala njira yotsika mtengo yopangira zojambulajambula ndi mapangidwe ambiri. Makolo amakampani amakono posakhalitsa anazindikira kuti zotsatira zowonekera zinali ndi zotsatira zachindunji pa khalidwe la ogula, kuwonjezera phindu lawo. Izi zinayambitsa kubadwa kwa zojambula zamakono zamakono. Mbiri yojambula zithunzi ku Berlin ndi yochititsa chidwi, choncho onetsetsani kuti mwawerenga nkhani zoyambira mzinda wosangalatsawu. Mwa njira iyi, mudzatha kumvetsetsa mbiri yamakampani opanga izi komanso momwe adasinthira m'mbiri yonse.

Patapita zaka zingapo, enclave anakula. Izi funde latsopano okonza achinyamata anakhudzidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha fanzines, nyimbo, ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Maonekedwe apangidwe asintha momwe timawonera dziko masiku ano. Pamenepo, enclave yakhala likulu lapadziko lonse lapansi lazojambula. Mwa njira iyi, chikhalidwe cha mzindawo ndi anthu ake zakhudza zojambulajambula kwa zaka zoposa ziwiri.