Moralo oa lits'oants'o 101 – Mela le Mofuta ho Moralo oa Grafik

Mohlomong u hlokometse hore Lines li hlaha hoo e batlang e le meralo eohle eo re e bonang. Lebaka ke hobane likarolo tsena li fana ka tekano le phapang moahong oohle. Sengoliloeng sena se tla tšohla ho beoa ha Lines le ts'ebeliso ea Mofuta ho moralo o mong le o mong. Holim'a moo, u tla ithuta ka khetho ea Typeface le boholo. Hoo e batlang e le moralo o mong le o mong o na le Lines le Mofuta, kahoo re tla sheba lintlha tsena hape. Hape re tla fana ka likhetho tse fapaneng tsa ho beoa bakeng sa Mofuta le bohlokoa ba sebaka.

Mela e teng hoo e batlang e le moralo o mong le o mong

Joalokaha e ka 'na eaba u hlokometse, mela e atile hoo e batlang e le moralo o mong le o mong oa Grafik. Li arola litaba 'me li hohela tlhokomelo ea sebali sebakeng se itseng. Mehlala ke ena ea mokhoa oa ho sebelisa mela moralong oa hau:

Mela e entsoe ka lintlha tse hlophisitsoeng ka mola. Lintlha tsena li ka ba tse teteaneng, tšesaane, jagged, kapa wavy. Hoo e ka bang moralo o mong le o mong o na le mofuta o itseng oa mola. Ba sebetsa e le ba hlophisang, khatiso, le likarolo tsa mokhabiso. Ha ho etsoa moralo, ela hloko ho nahana ka litšobotsi tse poteletseng le tse sa hlokomeleheng tsa mela. Ntle le ho hlalosa sebopeho sa hau, mela e boetse e thusa ho theha maikutlo ao o batlang ho a fetisa.

Tlhophiso ea mofuta

Typography ke tsebo ea ho hlophisa mofuta. E ka ama haholo melaetsa ea moralo. Mefuta e fapaneng ea boima le boholo, sebete, kganya, kamehla, 'me e sa tloaelehang e ka sebelisoa ho eketsa matla mohopolong oa moralo. Typography e ka boela ea kenyelletsa sebopeho, mahoashe, e benyang, le bonolo, ho eketsa thahasello ya pono le botebo dibopehong, litšoantšo, le mongolo. Malebela ke ana a ho sebelisa typography ka katleho. U ka boela ua fumana mehlala ea typography e sebelisitsoeng ho hlahisa marang-rang, moralo oa tepo, le ho hatisa limakasine.

Khetho ea typeface

Typography ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea moralo oa litšoantšo. Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho khetha typeface, ho bohlokoa ho hopola bamameli ba hau. Ka mohlala, haeba u shebile bamameli ba botekgeniki haholo, typeface eo u e khethang e lokela ho ba ea sejoale-joale ebile e hloekile. Haeba u shebile bamameli ba baholo, u ka 'na ua batla typeface e nang le rustic ho feta, ponahalo e bohlasoa. Ka hlakoreng le leng, haeba u rera bana, mongolo o nang le botho bo bongata o loketse.

Mohato oa pele oa ho khetha typeface bakeng sa moralo oa hau ke ho tloaelana le typeface. Fumana lintlha tsohle tse hlokahalang 'me u kope netefatso ea glyph ho tsoa mofuteng oa mofuta. U lokela hape ho botsa ka laesense efe kapa efe e khethehileng ea tlhahlobo ea mofuta oo u o sebelisang. Holim'a moo, etsa bonnete ba hore u tseba litlhoko tsa boholo ba litlhaku tsa litlhaku. Malapa a mofuta oa libuka a ka 'na a hloka khatiso ea boleng bo holimo e nang le boholo bo boholo ba ho hatisa.

Mofuta oa boholo

Typography ke mokhoa o rarahaneng. Mofuta o mong le o mong oa mofuta o na le likarolo le moralo oa oona o ikhethang. Lifonti tse fapaneng li hloka mefuta e fapaneng ea boholo, mme tse ding di kgolo ho feta tse ding. Ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa boholo bo nepahetseng le bo lebisang ho etsa hore mongolo o balehe. Haeba o sa tiisehe, sebelisa phalete ea Info ho fumana palo ea litlhaku ka mola. Sena se tla etsa bonnete ba hore mongolo oa hau oa baloa 'me o ke ke oa sothoa kapa oa patoa ke moralo o potolohileng.

Ho latedisa

Ho latela litlhaku tsa typography ke mokhoa oa ho lokisa lifonti hore li balehe habonolo. Ho latedisa ka thata ho etsa hore mongolo o be matla mme o nolofaletsa mmadi ho bala. Ho latedisa ka thata-thata ho molemo bakeng sa ho peteletsa litlhaku tse eketsehileng moleng, ha looser tracking e molemo bakeng sa ho fana ka mehleng ea kajeno, chebahalo e rarahaneng. Haeba o sa tiisehe hore na ho lateloa hoa hlokahala, leka leqephe la teko 'me u bone hore na mongolo o shebahala joang.

Selemong sa pele sa lenaneo, baithuti ba ithuta lipina tse tharo tsa meralo ho ba fa monyetla o pharaletseng oa ho sheba tšimo. Nakong ea selemo sa bona sa bobeli, baithuti ba ka tsepamisa maikutlo ho tse peli tsa lipina tsena. Ka ho khetha tse peli tsa lipina tsena, baithuti ba ka hlaolela boiphihlelo pina e le 'ngoe ha ba ntse ba holisa boiphihlelo ba bona ho e 'ngoe. Ho na le melemo e mengata khethong ka 'ngoe, 'me ho kopanngoa ha studio le mosebetsi oa thupelo ho molemo ho seithuti le indastering. Lipina li fapane ho lekana ho boloka baithuti ba tšoarehile.

Kerning

U ka 'na ua ipotsa hore na kerning ke eng, 'me e amana joang le moralo oa litšoantšo. Kerning ke mokhoa oa ho arola litlhaku ka fonte, ho netefatsa hore mophetwa ka mong o na le sebaka se lekanang. Leha ho le joalo, u lokela ho qoba ho nka mokhoa o tiileng oa lipalo. Lebaka la sena ke hore ho kopanya litlhaku tse ikhethang ho theha maikutlo a fapaneng a sebaka pakeng tsa bona. Ho e-na le hoo, bohole ba lipalo bo lokela ho fapana ho latela sebopeho sa lentsoe.

Mohato oa pele oa ho ngola mongolo oa hau ke ho nahana hore na tlhaku e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e kena joang tlhakung eohle. Metsoako e meng ea litlhaku e etsa sebaka se sengata mahlong ho feta tse ling, kahoo u lokela ho hlokomela sena. U ka sebelisa li-diagonals ho u thusa ho fihlela sena. U ka sebelisa kerning ho etsa hore mongolo oa hau o shebahale o khahleha mahlong. Haeba o sa tiisehe hore na o lokela ho sebelisa kerning kapa che, sheba meralo e seng mekae 'me u bone kamoo e amang ponahalo e akaretsang ea mongolo.

Sepheo se seholo sa kerning ke ho ntlafatsa ho balloa ha tema. Haeba kerning e fosahetse, e tla utloa ho tloha mahlong. Ha e etsoa ka nepo, e etsa phapang e kgolo. Moralo o motle o fetisa molaetsa oa hau ka mokhoa o hlakileng le o potlakileng. Ebang ke molaetsa oa lengolo-tsoibila kapa papatso ea inthaneteng, Kerning e tla etsa hore e hlake le ho feta ho seshebelli.

Ea etellang pele

Ho etella pele ke karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ea moralo oa sebaka sa marang-rang, kaha e bopa maikutlo a leka-lekaneng pakeng tsa mongolo le bokamorao. Ho bohlokoa ho boloka e etellang pele e tšoana kapa e nyane hanyane ho feta boholo ba mongolo, kaha sena se tla khothaletsa ho baloa hamolemo. Ho kenyelletsa tse ling tse etellang pele leqepheng ho ka ntlafatsa ho baloa le ho baloa ha litaba. Leha ho le joalo, ho etella pele ha se eona feela karolo ea bohlokoa ea moralo. Ho bohlokoa hape ho nahana ka tikoloho eo baeti ba sebaka sa hau sa marang-rang ba tla e sebelisa ho eona, kaha li-desktops li kholo ho feta li-laptops le lisebelisoa tsa cellular li na le li-skrini tse nyane.

Ka kakaretso, ho etella pele ho lokela ho tšoana le boholo ba ntlha, 'me ha ea lokela ho feta 15 lintlha. Lebaka ke hobane tataiso e matla e ka etsa hore mongolo o bonahale o potlakile kapa o hlakahlakane, ha bohlasoa bo hlephileng bo etsa hore ho be bonolo ho bala. Ho molemo ho sebelisa lead ha mongolo o tla ba o monyane leqepheng. Holim'a moo, excessive leading can make the page look unattractive and difficult to read. When choosing leading, consider whether the typeface has large, wide, or thin characters.

Origin stories of graphic design in Berlin

While researching the history of German poster competitions, Jens Meyer came across a book about Jurgen Spohn. Spohn was an early 20th-century poster designer who had died in the early 1990s, and his widow was living in the same bungalow as her late husband. Meyer’s goal was to document the visual culture of West Berlin, especially before reunification. Meyer was interested in the story of Spohn and wanted to learn more about his work.

In the early 1900s, printing became an affordable way of mass-producing art and design. Baholo-holo ba lik'hamphani tsa morao-rao ba ile ba hlokomela kapele hore liphello tsa pono li na le phello e tobileng boitšoarong ba bareki, ho eketsa phaello ea bona. Sena se ile sa lebisa ho tsoaloeng ha moralo oa kajeno oa litšoantšo. Nalane ea meralo ea litšoantšo Berlin e ea khahla, kahoo etsa bonnete ba hore u bala ka lipale tsa tšimoloho ea toropo ena e monate. Ka tsela ena, o tla khona ho utloisisa nalane ea indasteri ena ea boqapi le hore na e bile teng joang ho theosa le nalane.

Ka mor'a lilemo tse 'maloa, enclave e ile ea hola. Leqhubu lena le lecha la baqapi ba bacha le ile la susumetsoa ke setso sa li-fanzines, mmino, le bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Mekhoa e hlahisitsoeng ea meralo e fetotse tsela eo re talimang lefatše ka eona kajeno. Haele hantle, enclave e fetohile setsi sa lefats'e sa moralo oa litšoantšo. Ka tsela ena, the city’s culture and its people have influenced graphic design for over two centuries.