Fa'u Fakakalafi 101 – Lines and Type in Grafik Design

Mahalo naʻá ke fakatokangaʻi ʻoku ʻasi mai ʻa e ngaahi Lainé ʻi he meimei kotoa ʻo e ngaahi tisaini ʻoku tau sio ki ai .. This is because these elements provide balance and contrast in the whole design. 'E alea'i 'e he fakamatala ko 'eni 'a e tu'u'anga 'o e Laines mo hono faka'aonga'i 'o e Fa'ahinga 'i he tisaini takitaha .. ʻIkai ngata ai, te ke ako fekau’aki mo e fili mo e lahi ‘o e Fa’ahinga .. Meimei ko e tisaini kotoa pe 'oku 'i ai fakatou'osi 'a e Laines mo e Fa'ahinga ., ko ia te tau vakai foki ki he ngaahi ‘elemeniti ko ‘eni .. Te tau toe ‘ufi’ufi foki ‘a e ngaahi fili kehekehe ‘o e tu’u’anga ki he Fa’ahinga pea mo e mahu’inga ‘o e spacing ..

Lines are present in almost every design

As you may have noticed, 'oku lahi 'a e ngaahi laine 'i he meimei tisaini Grafik kotoa pe .. ‘Oku nau fakamavahe’i ‘a e kakano pea ‘oku nau tohoaki’i ‘a e tokanga ‘a e tokotaha mamata ki ha feitu’u pau .. Ko e ngaahi fakatātā eni ʻo e founga hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e ngaahi laine ʻi hoʻo tisaini .:

Ko e ngaahi laine 'oku fa'u 'aki 'a e ngaahi poini 'oku fokotu'utu'u 'i ha laine .. Ko e ngaahi poini ko ení ‘e lava ke matolu ., pakau, jagged, pe peau. Ko e meimei tisaini kotoa pē ‘oku ‘i ai ha fa‘ahinga laine .. ‘Oku nau ngāue ko hono fokotu‘utu‘u ., fakamahu'inga'i, mo e ngaahi ʻelemēniti teuteu .. 'I he taimi 'oku tisaini ai, tokanga ke fakakaukau ki he ngaahi ʻulungaanga fakapulipuli mo taʻefakatokangaʻi ʻo e ngaahi lainé .. Tānaki atu ki hono faka‘uhinga‘i ho‘o fa‘ú ., ʻoku tokoni foki ʻa e ngaahi lainé ke faʻu ʻa e ongo ʻokú ke fie fakahoko ..

Type arrangement

Typography is the art of arranging type. 'E lava ke ne uesia lahi 'a e fekau tisaini .. Fa'ahinga kehekehe 'o e ngaahi mamafa mo e lahi ., anga mālohi, maama, hoko ma'u pē, pea 'e lava ke ta'efakalao ke tanaki atu 'a e malohi ki he fakakaukau tisaini .. 'E lava foki ke fakakau 'e he typography 'a e texture ., petepete, ngingila; ngingilaʻi, molū, ke tānaki atu ‘a e mahu‘inga‘ia faka‘ata mo e loloto ki he ngaahi fōtungá ., ngaahi 'īmisi, mo e text. Ko e ngaahi tokoni eni ki hono ngāueʻaki lelei ʻo e taipe .. Te ke lava foki ʻo maʻu ha ngaahi sīpinga ʻo e taipe ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻi he fakaʻilonga ., tisaini 'o e uepi, pea paaki ha ngaahi makasini ..

Typeface selection

Typography is a crucial part of graphic design. Ka hoko mai ki hono fili ha mata'itohi ., ‘oku mahu‘inga ke tauhi ‘i ho‘o fakakaukaú ho‘o kau fanongó .. Hange ko ʻeni, kapau ‘oku ke fakataumu’a ki ha kau fanongo fakatekinikale lahi ., ko e mataʻi mataʻitohi ʻokú ke filí ʻoku totonu ke fakaonopooni mo maʻa .. Kapau ‘okú ke tāketi‘i ha kau fanongo matu‘otu‘a ., te ke fie maʻu ha mataʻitohi mo ha rustic ange ., fōtunga grungy. ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá, kapau ‘oku ke tisaini ma’ae fanau ., ko ha mata‘i mata‘itohi ‘oku lahi ange ‘a e ‘ulungāngá ‘oku fe‘ungamālie ..

Ko e 'uluaki sitepu 'i hono fili ha mata'itohi ki ho'o tisaini ko e ke maheni mo e mata'itohi .. Ma'u 'a e ngaahi fakamatala kotoa pe 'oku fie ma'u pea kole ke fakapapau'i 'a e glyph mei he fa'ahinga foundry .. ‘Oku totonu foki ke ke ‘eke fekau‘aki mo ha ngaahi laiseni sivi makehe ki he mata‘itohi ‘okú ke ngāue‘akí .. ʻIkai ngata ai, fakapapau'i 'oku ke 'ilo'i 'a e ngaahi fie ma'u lahi ki he ngaahi mata'itofe .. ʻE fie maʻu nai ʻe he ngaahi fāmili ʻo e mataʻi tohi ʻo e tohí ha paaki ʻoku maʻolunga hono fakaleleiʻí mo e lahi ʻo e fakatupu nima-homo ..

Type size

Typography is a complex process. Ko e mata'itohi takitaha 'oku 'i ai hono ngaahi konga makehe mo e tisaini .. 'Oku fie ma'u 'e he ngaahi mata'itohi kehekehe 'a e ngaahi fa'ahinga kehekehe ., pea ko e ni‘ihi ‘oku lahi ange ia ‘i he ni‘ihi .. ‘Oku mahu‘inga ke ngāue‘aki ‘a e lahi totonú pea ‘oku iku ia ki hono ‘ai ke lau ‘a e konga tohí .. Kapau ‘oku ‘ikai ke ke fakapapau’i ., faka'aonga'i 'a e paleti Info ke kumi 'a e lahi 'o e ngaahi 'ulungaanga 'i he laine .. ‘E fakapapau‘i ‘e he me‘á ni ‘oku lava ke lau ho‘o konga tohí pea ‘e ‘ikai ke mio‘i pe fakapo‘uli‘i ‘e he fokotu‘utu‘u takatakaí ..

Tracking

Typography tracking is the process of adjusting fonts so that they are easy to read. 'Oku fakatupu 'e he muimui'i 'o e tighter 'a e tohi fefeka ange pea 'oku ne 'ai ke faingofua ange ki he tokotaha lau ke ne lau .. 'Oku lelei 'aupito 'a e muimui'i 'o e ma'ama'a ange ki hono squeezing 'o e ngaahi 'ulungaanga kehe ki ha laine ., lolotonga ia 'oku lelei ange 'a e muimui'i 'o e looser ki hono 'oatu ha fakaonopooni ., fōtunga fakapotopoto. Kapau ‘oku ‘ikai ke ke fakapapau’i pe ‘oku fiema’u ‘a e muimui’i ., ʻahiʻahiʻi ha peesi sivi pea vakai ki he fōtunga ʻo e konga tohí ..

ʻI he ʻuluaki taʻu ʻo e polokalamá ., ako 'a e kau ako kotoa pe 'a e ngaahi hala tisaini 'e tolu ke 'oange kiate kinautolu ha faka'ali'ali lahi ki he mala'e .. Lolotonga e taʻu hono uá ., ʻe lava ke tokanga ʻa e fānau akó ki ha ongo hala ko ʻení .. ‘Aki hono fili ‘a e ua ‘o e ngaahi hala ko ení ., ʻe lava ke fakatupulaki ʻe he fānau akó ʻa e taukei ʻi he hala ʻe taha lolotonga ia ʻoku nau fakalahi ʻenau aʻusiá ʻi he hala ʻe tahá .. 'Oku lahi 'a e ngaahi lelei ki he fili takitaha ., pea ko e fakataha'i 'o e ngaue 'a e studio mo e ako 'oku 'aonga ia ki he tokotaha ako mo e industry .. 'Oku kehekehe fe'unga 'a e ngaahi hala ke tauhi 'a e fanau ako ..

Kerning

You may be wondering what kerning is, pea ko e hā ʻene kaunga ki he tisaini fakakalafi .. Ko e kerning ko e founga ia 'o e spacing 'a e ngaahi 'ulungaanga 'i ha mata'itohi ., fakapapau'i 'oku ma'u 'e he 'ulungaanga takitaha ha lahi tatau 'o e feitu'u .. Neongo ia, 'oku totonu ke ke faka'ehi'ehi mei hono fai ha founga fakafika pau .. Ko e 'uhinga 'o e me'a ni ko e ngaahi fakataha'anga mata'itohi makehe 'oku ne fakatupu 'a e ngaahi fakakaukau kehekehe 'o e 'atakai 'i hona vaha'a .. Ka, 'oku totonu ke kehekehe 'a e ngaahi mama'o fakafika 'o fakatatau ki he fotunga 'o e fo'i lea ..

Ko e ‘uluaki sitepu ‘i hono faka‘uhinga‘i ho‘o konga tohí ko hono fakakaukau‘i ‘a e founga ‘oku fe‘ungamālie ai ‘a e mata‘itohi taki taha ki he toenga ‘o e tohí .. Ko e ngaahi fakataha‘anga mata‘itohi pau ‘oku nau ngaohi ha feitu‘u lahi ange ‘i he matá ‘i he ni‘ihi kehé ., ko ia 'oku fie ma'u ke ke 'ilo'i 'eni .. Te ke lava ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi diagonals ke tokoniʻi koe ke ke aʻusia ʻeni .. Te ke lava foki ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e kening ke ʻai hoʻo tohí ke hā fakafiefia ange ki he matá .. Kapau 'oku 'ikai ke ke fakapapau'i pe 'oku totonu ke ke ngaue'aki 'a e kerning pe 'ikai ., vakai ki ha ngaahi tisaini siʻisiʻi pea vakai ki he founga ʻoku nau uesia ai ʻa e fōtunga fakakātoa ʻo e mataʻitohí ..

Ko e taumu'a tefito 'o e kening ko hono fakalelei'i 'o e lau 'o ha tohi .. Kapau 'oku hala 'a e kening ., ʻe ongoʻi ia ki he matá .. Ka fai totonu, 'oku ne fai ha fu'u kehekehe lahi .. Ko e tisaini leleí ʻokú ne fakahoko mai hoʻo pōpoakí ʻi ha founga mahino mo vave .. Pe ko ha fekau ‘imeili pe ko ha faka’ilo ‘i he ‘initaneti ., ko e keningi te ne ‘ai ke mahino ange mo fakangalongata‘a ange ki he tokotaha mamatá ..

Leading

Leading is a very important part of website design, ʻi heʻene fakatupu ha ongo palanisi ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e tohí mo e puipuituʻá .. 'Oku mahu'inga ke tauhi 'a e taki tatau pe ki'i si'isi'i ange ia 'i he lahi 'o e text ., hange ko ia 'e poupou'i 'e he me'a ni 'a e lava ke lau lelei ange .. Ko hono tānaki atu ‘o e taki lahi ange ‘i ha peesi ‘e lava ke ne fakalelei‘i ‘a e legibility mo e lava ke lau ‘a e kakano .. Neongo ia, ko e taki 'oku 'ikai ko e tafa'aki mahu'inga pe ia 'o e tisaini .. 'Oku mahu'inga foki ke fakakaukau'i 'a e 'atakai 'e ngaue'aki ia 'e he kau 'a'ahi ki ho'o uepisaiti 'i he ., hange ko e ngaahi desktops 'oku lahi ange ia 'i he laptop mo e ngaahi device fe'ave'aki 'oku si'isi'i ange 'a e ngaahi lahi 'o e screen ..

ʻI he angamahení, 'Oku totonu ke tatau 'a e taki mo e lahi 'o e poini ., pea ʻoku totonu ke ʻoua naʻa teitei lahi ange ia ʻi he . 15 ngaahi poini. Koe'uhi 'e lava 'e he taki fefeka ange 'o 'ai ke 'asi mai 'a e tohi 'oku fakavavevave pe cluttered ., lolotonga 'oku taki 'a e taki 'oku ne 'ai ke faingofua ange ke lau .. 'Oku lelei taha ke ngaue'aki 'a e taki 'i he taimi 'e si'isi'i ai 'a e tohi 'i he peesi .. ʻIkai ngata ai, 'e lava ke 'ai 'e he taki lahi 'a e peesi 'oku 'ikai ke faka'ofo'ofa mo faingata'a ke lau .. ʻI he taimi ʻoku fili ai ʻi he taimi ʻoku fili ai ʻoku takimuʻá ., fakakaukau'i pe 'oku lahi 'a e mata'i mata'i ., fā lahi, pe ngaahi mata'itohi manifi.

Origin stories of graphic design in Berlin

While researching the history of German poster competitions, Naʻe fetaulaki ʻa Jens Meyer ʻi ha tohi fekauʻaki mo Jurgen Spohn .. Ko Spohn ko ha tokotaha tisaini pousita ʻi he kamataʻanga ʻo e senituli 20 ʻa ia naʻe pekia ʻi he konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1990 tupú ., pea naʻe nofo ʻene uitoú ʻi he fale nofoʻanga tatau mo hono husepāniti kuo pekiá .. Ko e taumu’a ‘a Meyer ke fakatohi ‘a e anga fakafonua faka’ata ‘o e West Berlin ., tautautefito ki mu‘a ke toe fakatahataha‘i .. Naʻe mahuʻingaʻia ʻa Meyer ʻi he talanoa ʻo Spohn pea naʻá ne fie ako lahi ange fekauʻaki mo ʻene ngāué ..

ʻI he kamataʻanga ʻo e 1900 tupú ., na‘e hoko ‘a e pulusí ko ha founga ‘oku ala ma‘u ‘o e ‘ātisi mo e tisaini ‘oku ngaohi lahi .. Naʻe vave ʻa e ʻiloʻi ʻe he ngaahi kui ʻo e ngaahi kautaha fakaonopooní ʻoku ʻi ai ha ola fakahangatonu ʻo e ngaahi ola fakaʻataá ki he tōʻonga ʻa e kau fakataú ., fakalahi 'enau pa'anga. Na‘e iku eni ki hono fanau‘i ‘o e tisaini fakakalafi fakaeonopōní .. Ko ha hisitōlia ʻo e tisaini fakakalafi ʻi Pealini ko ha taha fakamānako ., ko ia fakapapau‘i ke lau ‘a e ngaahi talanoa tupu‘anga ‘o e kolo fakafiefia ko ení .. ʻI he founga ko ʻení, te ke lava ‘o mahino’i ‘a e hisitōlia ‘o e pisinisi fakatupu ko ‘ení mo e founga kuo tupulaki ‘i he hisitōliá kotoa ..

Hili ha ngaahi taʻu siʻi, naʻe tupulaki ʻa e ʻenikaveá .. Naʻe tākiekina ʻa e peau foʻou ko ʻeni ʻo e kau tisaini kei talavoú ʻe he anga fakafonua ʻo e ngaahi fanzines ., musika, mo e moʻui fakaʻahó. Ko e ngaahi founga tisaini ‘oku ma‘ú kuo liliu ai ‘a e founga ‘oku tau vakai ai ki he māmaní he ‘aho ní .. Ko hono mo'oni, kuo hoko 'a e enclave ko ha senita fakamamani lahi ki he tisaini fakakalafi .. ʻI he founga ko ʻení, kuo tākiekina ‘e he anga fakafonua ‘o e koló mo hono kakaí ‘a e tisaini fakakalafi ‘i he senituli ‘e ua tupu ..