Umklami we-graphic 101 – Imigqa bese Thayipha ku-Grafik Design

Kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi Imigqa ivela cishe kuyo yonke imiklamo esiyibonayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zakhi zinikeza ibhalansi nokuqhathanisa kuwo wonke umklamo. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokubekwa Kwemigqa kanye nokusetshenziswa kohlobo kumklamo ngamunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzofunda mayelana nokukhetha kwe-Typeface nosayizi. Cishe yonke imiklamo inokubili Imigqa Nohlobo, ngakho-ke sizobheka lezi zakhi futhi. Sizophinde sihlanganise izinketho ezahlukene zokubeka zoHlobo kanye nokubaluleka kwesikhala.

Imigqa ikhona cishe kuyo yonke imiklamo

Njengoba ungase uqaphele, imigqa igcwele cishe kuyo yonke imiklamo ye-Grafik. Zihlukanisa okuqukethwe futhi zidonsele ukunaka kombukeli endaweni ethile. Nazi izibonelo zendlela yokusebenzisa imigqa ekwakhiweni kwakho:

Imigqa yakhiwe amaphuzu ahlelwe ngomugqa. Lawa maphuzu angaba aminyene, mncane, emangelengele, noma wavy. Cishe yonke imiklamo iqukethe uhlobo oluthile lomugqa. Benza njengokuhlela, ukugcizelela, nezinto zokuhlobisa. Lapho uklama, qaphela ukucabangela izimfanelo ezicashile nezingabonakali zemigqa. Ngaphezu kokuchaza ukwakheka kwakho, imigqa iphinde isize ukudala umuzwa ofuna ukuwudlulisa.

Uhlobo lohlelo

I-Typography iwubuciko bokuhlela uhlobo. Kungathinta kakhulu umlayezo wokuklama. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezisindo namasayizi, nesibindi, ukukhanya, njalo, futhi okungajwayelekile kungasetshenziswa ukwengeza amandla kumqondo wokuklama. I-typography ingase futhi ihlanganise ukuthungwa, rough, ecwebezelayo, futhi ithambile, ukwengeza intshisekelo ebonakalayo nokujula kumajamo, izithombe, kanye nombhalo. Nawa amanye amathiphu okusebenzisa i-typography ngempumelelo. Ungathola futhi izibonelo ze-typography ezisetshenziswa ekufakeni uphawu, umklamo wewebhu, futhi banyathelise omagazini.

Ukukhetha ubuso bohlobo

I-typography iyingxenye ebalulekile yokwakheka kwezithombe. Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni i-typeface, kubalulekile ukukhumbula izilaleli zakho. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uqondise izethameli ezinobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, uhlobo lokubhala olukhethayo kufanele lube lwesimanje futhi luhlanzeke. Uma uqondise izethameli ezindala, ungase ufune i-typeface ene-rustic eyengeziwe, ukubukeka grungy. Ngokwesinye isandla, uma udizayina izingane, i-typeface enobuntu obengeziwe ifanelekile.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekukhetheni i-typeface yomklamo wakho ukujwayelana nohlobo lokubhala. Thola lonke ulwazi oludingekayo bese ucela ukuqinisekiswa kwe-glyph kusuka kuhlobo lwe-Foundry. Kufanele futhi ubuze nganoma imaphi amalayisense okuhlola akhethekile ohlobo lokubhala olusebenzisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, qiniseka ukuthi uyazazi izidingo zesayizi zama-lettershapes. Imindeni yohlobo lwezincwadi ingase idinge ukuphrinta okunokulungiswa okuphezulu okunosayizi ovulekile wokukhiqiza.

Uhlobo losayizi

Ukuthayipha kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. I-typeface ngayinye inezilinganiso zayo ezihlukile kanye nomklamo. Amafonti ahlukene adinga osayizi abahlukene bezinhlobo, kanti ezinye zinkulu kunezinye. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa usayizi olungile kanye nokuhola ukwenza umbhalo ufundeke. Uma ungaqiniseki, sebenzisa iphalethi yolwazi ukuze uthole inombolo yezinhlamvu emgqeni ngamunye. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi umbhalo wakho uyafundeka futhi ngeke uhlanekezelwe noma ufihlwe isakhiwo esizungezile.

Ukulandelela

Ukulandelela ukuthayipha kuyinqubo yokulungisa amafonti ukuze afundeke kalula. Ukulandelela okuqinile kudala umbhalo oqinile futhi kwenza kube lula ngomfundi ukuwufunda. Ukulandelela okuqinile kuhle ngokucindezela izinhlamvu ezengeziwe emugqeni, kuyilapho ukulandelela okuxekethile kungcono ukunikeza isimanje, ukubukeka okuyinkimbinkimbi. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ukulandelela kuyadingeka, zama ikhasi lokuhlola futhi ubone ukuthi umbhalo ubukeka kanjani.

Ngonyaka wokuqala wohlelo, abafundi bafunda womathathu amathrekhi okuklama ukuze abanikeze ukuchayeka okubanzi emkhakheni. Ngonyaka wabo wesibili, abafundi bangagxila kulawa mathrekhi amabili. Ngokukhetha amabili kulawa mathrekhi, abafundi bangathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe kuthrekhi eyodwa ngenkathi benweba ulwazi lwabo kwenye. Kunezinzuzo eziningi ekukhetheni ngakunye, futhi inhlanganisela yesitudiyo nomsebenzi wezifundo kunenzuzo kubo bobabili umfundi kanye nemboni. Amathrekhi ahluke ngokwanele ukugcina abafundi bematasa.

I-Kerning

Ungase uzibuze ukuthi yini i-kerning, futhi ihlobene ngani ne-graphic design. I-Kerning inqubo yokuhlukanisa izinhlamvu kufonti, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umlingisi ngamunye unenani elilinganayo lesikhala. Nokho, kufanele ugweme ukuthatha indlela yezibalo eqinile. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu eziyingqayizivele idala imibono ehlukene yesikhala phakathi kwabo. Kunalokho, amabanga ezibalo kufanele ahluke kuye ngokuthi umumo wegama unjani.

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuguqula umbhalo wakho ukubheka ukuthi uhlamvu ngalunye lungena kanjani kulo lonke uhlamvu. Inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ezithile yenza isikhala esiningi emehlweni kunezinye, ngakho udinga ukuqaphela lokhu. Ungasebenzisa ama-diagonal ukukusiza ukufeza lokhu. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-kerning ukwenza umbhalo wakho ubukeke uthandeka kakhulu emehlweni. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi kufanele usebenzise i-kerning noma cha, bheka imiklamo embalwa futhi ubone ukuthi ithinta kanjani ukubukeka okuphelele kokubhala.

Umgomo oyinhloko we-kerning ukuthuthukisa ukufundeka kombhalo. Uma i-kerning ingalungile, kuzozwakala emehlweni. Lapho kwenziwa ngendlela efanele, kwenza umehluko omkhulu. Idizayini enhle idlulisela umyalezo wakho ngendlela ecacile nesheshayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umlayezo we-imeyili noma isikhangiso esiku-inthanethi, i-kerning izokwenza kucace kakhudlwana futhi kukhumbuleke kubabukeli.

Ukuhola

Ukuhola kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakhiwa kwewebhusayithi, njengoba kwakha umuzwa olinganiselayo phakathi kombhalo nesizinda. Kubalulekile ukugcina okuholayo kufana noma kuncane kunosayizi wombhalo, njengoba lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukufundeka okungcono. Ukwengeza ukuhola okwengeziwe ekhasini kungathuthukisa ukufaneleka nokufundeka kokuqukethwe. Nokho, ukuhola akuyona kuphela into ebalulekile yokuklama. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela indawo izivakashi zewebhusayithi yakho ezizoyisebenzisa kuyo, njengoba amadeskithophu makhulu kunamalaptop futhi namadivayisi eselula anosayizi abancane besikrini.

Ngokuvamile, okuholayo kufanele kufane nosayizi wephoyinti, futhi akufanele neze ibe ngaphezu 15 amaphuzu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhola okuqinile kungenza umbhalo ubonakale ugijima noma ugcwele, kuyilapho ukuhola okuxekethile kwenza kube lula ukufunda. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ukuhola lapho umbhalo uzoba mncane ekhasini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhola ngokweqile kungenza ikhasi libukeke lingakhangi futhi kube nzima ukulifunda. Lapho ukhetha okuholayo, cabanga ukuthi uhlobo lokubhala lukhulu yini, ububanzi, noma izinhlamvu ezincane.

Izindaba zomsuka womklamo wesithombe e-Berlin

Ngenkathi ngicwaninga umlando wemiqhudelwano yamaphosta aseJalimane, UJens Meyer wathola incwadi ekhuluma ngoJurgen Spohn. U-Spohn wayengumdwebi wamaphosta wekhulu lama-20 owashona ekuqaleni kwawo-1990., futhi umfelokazi wakhe wayehlala endlini eyodwa nomyeni wakhe ongasekho. Umgomo kaMeyer kwakuwukubhala isiko elibukwayo laseNtshonalanga Berlin, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuhlangana kabusha. UMeyer wayenesithakazelo endabeni kaSpohn futhi wayefuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngomsebenzi wakhe.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-1900, ukuphrinta kube yindlela ethengekayo yobuciko nokuklama okukhiqiza ngobuningi. Okhokho bezinkampani zanamuhla basheshe baqaphela ukuthi imiphumela ebonakalayo yayinomthelela oqondile ekuziphatheni kwabathengi, ukwandisa inzuzo yabo. Lokhu kwaholela ekuzalweni komklamo wesimanje wezithombe. Umlando wokuklanywa kwezithombe eBerlin uyamangaza, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi ufunda ngezindaba zemvelaphi yaleli dolobha elijabulisayo. Ngale ndlela, uzokwazi ukuqonda umlando wale mboni yokudala nokuthi ithuthuke kanjani kuwo wonke umlando.

Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, i-enclave yakhula. Leli gagasi elisha labaqambi abasha lathonywa isiko lama-fanzines, umculo, kanye nempilo yansuku zonke. Izitayela zokuklama eziwumphumela ziguqule indlela esibuka ngayo umhlaba namuhla. Empeleni, i-enclave isiphenduke isikhungo somhlaba wonke sokuklanywa kwezithombe. Ngale ndlela, isiko ledolobha kanye nabantu bakhona babe nomthelela ekuklanyweni kwezithombe iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka.