Isikhokelo sabaQalayo kwiNkqubo ye-PHP

php entwickler lulwimi loshicilelo lwelayini yomyalelo

I-PHP lulwimi loshicilelo olusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimithombo evulekileyo. Iluncedo ngakumbi kuphuhliso lwewebhu ngenxa yokukwazi ukumiliselwa kwi-HTML. Ukuqhuba iscript sePHP, itoliki yomgca womyalelo kufuneka ihlaziywe kuguqulelo oluzinzileyo lwamva nje. Ulwimi lokubhala lomgca womyalelo we-PHP lufuna amacandelo amathathu: umncedisi wewebhu, isikhangeli sewebhu, kunye ne-PHP. Iinkqubo ze-PHP ziyenziwa kwiseva kwaye imveliso iboniswa kwisikhangeli sewebhu.

I-PHP ixhasa iindidi ezimbini zeenguqu: inani elipheleleyo kwaye kabini. I-Integer luhlobo lwedatha yeqonga, ngelixa kabini luhlobo lwedatha oluchanekileyo. Olunye uhlobo ngumtya, enokucatshulwa-kanye okanye iphindwe kabini. I var_dump() Umyalelo ulahla ulwazi malunga nexabiso langoku loguqulo. Var_export() ikuvumela ukuba uthumele ngaphandle ixabiso loguquko kwikhowudi ye-PHP. Umyalelo ofanayo ngu print_r(), eprinta ixabiso lenguqu kwimo efundeka ngumntu.

I-PHP ithathwa njengePerl elandelayo. Iiwebhusayithi ezininzi ezidumileyo kunye neenkonzo zisebenzisa i-PHP. Inoluntu olukhulu lwabaphuhlisi, inethiwekhi yenkxaso egqwesileyo, kwaye isimahla ukuyisebenzisa. Uninzi lweelwimi ezibhalwayo zinokufundwa ngexeshana nje elifutshane. Ngaphaya koko, abaninzi bakhululekile, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye ayifuni amalungelo akhethekileyo okanye izibuko ze-TCP.

I-PHP lulwimi loshicilelo oludumileyo kwiziza zeWebhu eziguqukayo. Namhlanje, ngaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi iisayithi web zisebenzisa PHP. Izikripthi ze-PHP zihlala zizinziswa kwi-HTML, ngoko ke ikhowudi isebenza kumncedisi, hayi kwikhompyuter yomthengi. Ukongeza kuphuhliso lwewebhu, Ukubhalwa kwe-PHP kusetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo. Inguqulelo yomgca womyalelo we-PHP ivumela abadwelisi beprogram ukuba babhale izikripthi ze-PHP ngaphandle kwendawo epheleleyo.

I-PHP lulwimi olushicilelweyo lomthombo ovulekileyo

I-PHP lulwimi oluvulekileyo lokubhala olusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwakheni iiwebhusayithi. Lulwimi olushicilelweyo lwecala lomncedisi owenza imiyalelo yenkqubo ngexesha lokusebenza kwaye ibuyisela iziphumo ngokuxhomekeke kwidatha eyiqhubayo.. I-PHP iqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukwakha iiwebhusayithi eziguqukayo, kubandakanywa izicelo zewebhu kunye neevenkile ze-intanethi. Ihlala isetyenziswa ngokubambisana nomncedisi wewebhu onjengeApache, Nginx, okanye LiteSpeed.

I-PHP lulwimi lweskripthi oluvulelekileyo olunokukhutshelwa simahla kwaye lunokufakwa lula kwikhompyuter yakho. Ixhasa iibhrawuza ezininzi zewebhu kwaye iyahambelana noninzi lweeseva eziphambili zewebhu. Kulula ukufunda kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Uluntu lwe-PHP luyasebenza kwaye lubonelela ngezibonelelo ezininzi kubaphuhlisi.

I-PHP ibhetyebhetye kakhulu. Inokudityaniswa ngokulula nezinye iilwimi zokuprograma. Olona setyenziso luxhaphakileyo lwe-PHP lwenzelwe abancedisi bewebhu, kodwa inokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwisikhangeli okanye kumgca womyalelo. Iya kuxela iimpazamo kwaye iya kumisela ngokuzenzekelayo uhlobo lwedatha yenguqu. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iilwimi zokubhala, I-PHP ayinikezeli inqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko, kwaye ayilungele ukwakha usetyenziso lwewebhu olusekwe kumxholo omkhulu.

I-PHP yaqala njengeprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo kwaye iqhubekile nokuvela njengoko abantu abaninzi befumanisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Inguqulelo yokuqala yakhululwa ngo 1994 nguRasmus Lerdorf. I-PHP ngumthombo ovulekileyo we-server-side scripting language enokuthi ifakwe kwi-HTML. I-PHP isoloko isetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa iiwebhusayithi eziguqukayo, ukulawula oovimba beenkcukacha, kunye nokulandelela iiseshoni zabasebenzisi. Ikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiiapps zewebhu kwaye iyahambelana nogcino-lwazi oluninzi oludumileyo.

I-PHP kulula ukuyifunda kwaye lukhetho oludumileyo lwabaqalayo. I-syntax yayo isengqiqweni kwaye kulula ukuyiqonda. Abasebenzisi banokusebenza ngokulula ngemisebenzi kunye nemiyalelo, kwaye kulula kubadwelisi benkqubo ukwenza utshintsho kuyo njengoko kufuneka.

I-PHP isetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa i-backend logic yewebhusayithi

I-PHP lulwimi olunamandla lokubhala, kwaye ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa i-backend logic yewebhusayithi. Ikwasetyenziswa kwinyani yenyani kunye nezicelo zobuntlola ezenziweyo. Ikwanika amandla ezinye zezona nkqubo zolawulo lomxholo zidumileyo. Isetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa iiwebhusayithi, kwaye lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kubaphuhlisi bewebhu.

I-PHP lulwimi oludumileyo lwenkqubo evulekileyo kunye nesakhelo esenza kube lula ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwewebhu. Ubume bomthombo ovulekileyo we-PHP yenza kube lula ukuyiguqula ukuze ilingane neemfuno ezithile. I-PHP isetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa ezininzi ze-backend logic kwiiwebhusayithi, njenge WordPress. Ikwayenye yezona lwimi zidumileyo kuphuhliso lwewebhu, nge 30% kuzo zonke iiwebhusayithi ezikwiwebhu usebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-PHP.

Esinye isicelo esiqhelekileyo se-PHP sikwintsimi yeendaba zoluntu. Iiwebhusayithi zamaqonga eendaba ezentlalo zifuna imibuzo ekhawulezileyo yedathabheyisi kunye namaxesha okulayisha akhawulezayo. I-PHP inokubonelela ngezi mpawu, kunye neendawo zemidiya yoluntu ezifana ne-Facebook ziyisebenzisela iindawo zabo. Inyaniso, Facebook ifumana ngaphezulu 22 abasebenzisi abazibhiliyoni ezizodwa ngenyanga, ke PHP ibalulekile kwimpumelelo yabo.

Ukongeza ekubeni kulula ukufunda nokusebenzisa, PHP kulula ukuyigcina. Kulula ukuyiguqula ikhowudi yewebhusayithi, kwaye kulula ukudibanisa ukusebenza okutsha. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuhambisana neemfuno eziguqukayo zeshishini lakho. I-backend logic yewebhusayithi ihlala ikhethekileyo, kwaye i-PHP lukhetho olulungileyo lolu hlobo lomsebenzi.

Ngaphandle kokuba lulwimi oluluncedo kuphuhliso lwewebhu, Abaphuhlisi be-PHP bayacelwa ukuba baqhelane nezakhelo ze-PHP, njengeCakePHP, CodeIgniter, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Kananjalo kufuneka babe nolwazi ngoovimba beenkcukacha, njengeMySQL kunye neDB2, ezisetyenziselwa ukuguqula idatha. Abaphuhlisi be-PHP bahlala befuneka ukuba basebenze ngokusondeleyo neqela lophuhliso lwangaphambili, njengoko umsebenzi wabo umisela indlela iwebhusayithi eziphatha ngayo.

I-PHP isetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa ugcino-lwazi

Ukuphucula isiseko sedatha kwi-PHP kunokukunceda uphucule ukusebenza kwedatha. Ukusebenzisa i-multi-threading kunye ne-caching kunokunyusa ukusebenza kwesicelo sakho kwaye kunciphise inani lamaxesha okufikelela kwisiseko sedatha.. Unako kwakhona ukwenza imisebenzi yesiseko sedatha ngokususa imisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Oku kuya kunciphisa inani lamaxesha i-PHP kufuneka iqokelele iskripthi kwaye iya kugcina kusetyenziso lwememori.

Kwi-PHP, kukho imisebenzi emibini esisiseko yokwandisa ugcino lwedatha: dba_optimize kunye ne-dba_sync. Le misebenzi isebenza ukwandisa isiseko sedatha ngokususa izikhewu ezidalwe ngokucinywa kunye nokufakwa. Umsebenzi we-dba_sync ungqamanisa ugcino lwedatha kwidiski kunye nenkumbulo. Oku kunceda ekuphuculeni isiseko sedatha, kuba iirekhodi ezifakiweyo zinokugcinwa kwimemori yenjini, kodwa ezinye iinkqubo aziyi kuzibona de ungqamaniso lwenzeke.

Xa uvimba weenkcukacha uphuculwe, ikhawulezisa umboniso wedatha kwaye inokwenza iwebhusayithi yakho ilayishe ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, esi siphumo sibonakala kuphela ukuba unesiseko sedatha esikhulu. Umzekelo, idatabase equlathe ngaphezulu kwe 10,000 imiqolo okanye ingaphezulu kwe-500MB ngobukhulu kunokwenzeka ukuba ixhamle ekulungiseleleni. Unokufikelela kwiphpMyAdmin kwiCanel yakho ukwenza olu lungiselelo.

Ukuphucula ukusebenza, kufuneka uhlaziyele kuguqulelo lwamva nje lwe-PHP. Unokufumana abaxhasi abaphambili kwaye ukhuphele inguqulelo yamva nje ye-PHP kwi-GitHub. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, kufuneka ugxininise ekusebenziseni ikhowudi. Umzekelo, sebenzisa iintlobo zedatha ye-JSON endaweni ye-XML. Kwakhona, sebenzisa isset() kunokuba xml, njengoko ikhawuleza. Ekugqibeleni, gcina engqondweni ukuba imodeli yakho kunye nomlawuli kufuneka aqulathe ingqiqo yeshishini lakho, ngelixa izinto zeDB kufuneka zingene kwiimodeli zakho kunye nabalawuli.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwandisa i-PHP ukuze usebenze ngcono. Ukusebenzisa i-opcode cache kunye ne-OPcache kunokukunceda uphucule ukusebenza kwezicelo zakho zewebhu. Ezi zicwangciso zinokukunceda ukwandise ukusebenza kwedatha yakho kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lomthwalo.

PHP isetyenziselwa ukuyila isoftware

I-PHP lulwimi lwenkqubo olusetyenziswa ngokubanzi olusetyenziswa kuphuhliso lwewebhu kunye noyilo lwesoftware. Ixhasa inani logcino-lwazi kwaye yenzelwe ukunxibelelana neeprotocol ezahlukeneyo. Kulula ukufunda kwaye inoluntu olomeleleyo lwe-intanethi. Ulwimi lungasetyenziselwa ukwenza zombini iiwebhusayithi ezinkulu nezincinci. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuyila zombini iiwebhusayithi ezimileyo kunye neziguqukayo. Ezinye zeCMS ezidumileyo ezilawulwa kusetyenziswa i-PHP ziquka i-WordPress, Drupal, Joomla, kunye neMediaWiki.

I-PHP lulwimi olunamandla lokuyila amaphepha ewebhu, amaqonga eCommerce, kunye nesoftware esebenzayo. I-PHP inendlela ejolise kwizinto, eyenza ingqikelelo yezinto ukwenza usetyenziso oluntsonkothileyo lwewebhu. Ngokumalunga 82% yeewebhusayithi zisebenzisa i-PHP yenkqubo yecala leseva, kwaye kukho izicelo ezininzi ezisekelwe kwiwebhu ezibhalwe kwi-PHP.

I-PHP ikwaluncedo ekuphatheni imifanekiso. Iilayibrari ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa imifanekiso ezifana ne-ImageMagick kunye nethala leencwadi le-GD zinokudityaniswa nezicelo ze-PHP. Ngala mathala, abaphuhlisi banokudala, hlela, kwaye ugcine imifanekiso kwiifomati ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, I-PHP ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza imifanekiso ye-thumbnail, imifanekiso yewatermark, kwaye wongeze okubhaliweyo. Isenokwenza kwaye ibonise i-imeyile okanye ifom yokungena.

Iipateni zoyilo ze-PHP zifana ne-C ++ kunye neJava. Ukusebenzisa ikhowudi eyakhiwe kakuhle yinjongo enqwenelekayo. I-PHP isebenzisa iipateni zoyilo ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwekhowudi. Ngokusebenzisa iipateni zoyilo, abaphuhlisi banokunqanda ukusombulula iingxaki ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaphuhlisi banokusebenzisa ikhowudi enokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwaye bagcine isoftware yabo ifikeleleka kwaye yandise.

I-PHP lulwimi lwe-open-source server-side scripting oluqhele ukusetyenziswa ukuyila iisayithi zewebhu kunye nezicelo. Abaphuhlisi banokuguqula ikhowudi ye-PHP ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukubavumela ukuba baphinde bayisebenzisele iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Kananjalo ineendlela ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokhuseleko, uqinisekiso lomsebenzisi, kunye SQL umbuzo umakhi. Ukongeza, I-PHP ine-IDE enamandla enokusetyenziswa ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwewebhu kunye neewebhusayithi.