Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga PHP Programmierung

Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga PHP Programmierung

Ukuba ucinga ngokuphuhlisa iprojekthi yewebhu, ungafuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-PHP programmierung. Kukho iingenelo ezininzi kolu lwimi, kubandakanywa ukuthandwa kwayo phakathi kwee-arhente zewebhu kunye nokulinganisa kwayo. I-PHP lukhetho oluhle lwabaqalayo, njengoko ivumela abaphuhlisi bewebhu ukuba benze amaphepha ewebhu aguquguqukayo ngokulula kwaye ngaphandle kweengxabano ezininzi. Inqaku elilandelayo liza kuchaza i-PHP, Symfony, kunye nenkqubo ejolise kwiNjongo.

Symfony

Ukuba ujonge isakhelo sokuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwewebhu, I-Symfony lukhetho oludumileyo. Injongo ephambili yesi sikhokelo kukwenza lula inkqubo yophuhliso, kwaye ikwaphelisa imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo. Nangona ingezi nephaneli yolawulo, I-Symfony ineseti ebanzi yamacandelo anokusetyenziswa kwakhona, PHP amathala, kunye nesakhiwo solawulo esomeleleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ikhowudi yakho iya kucaca kwaye ifundeke, kwaye iya kuququzelela inkqubo yophuhliso.

Njengezinye iinkqubo, I-Symfony yenzelwe ukunceda abaphuhlisi bakhe usetyenziso lwewebhu ngokubenza bakwazi ukusebenza kunye nomlawuli wokujonga-imodeli (MVC) ulwakhiwo. Uyilo lwe-MVC lukwenza ukwazi ukwenza uhlengahlengiso kwindawo enye, kwaye akuyi kufuneka uhlele amaqhekeza amakhulu ekhowudi. Isakhelo sikwakwenza kube lula ukulawula isiza ngokususa iileya ezingeyomfuneko kunye nokwenza lula ukugcina. I-Symfony's model-view-controller-architecture kunye nenkqubo yendlela yenza kube lula ukwakha zonke izicelo zewebhu.

Nangona ingumthombo ovulekileyo, I-Symfony ixhaswa ngokurhweba. Abaphuhlisi bayo bazibophezele ngokuqinileyo kwisakhelo kwaye bayasixhasa ngeenkomfa kunye nezifundo ezisemthethweni. Nakaninzi, uluntu lomphuhlisi wesakhelo lusebenza kakhulu, kwaye ixhaswa nayinkampani enkulu esebenzisanayo, SensioLabs. Nje ngeziphumo, zininzi iinkomfa zenqanaba lobuchwephesha, izifundo, kunye neziqinisekiso zabaphuhlisi beSymfony.

PHP

I-PHP yenye yezona lwimi zidumileyo ze-server-side scripting. Iphuhliswe nguRasmus Lerdorf, PHP isetyenziswa ngaphezu 240 million websites nangaphezulu 2 izigidi zeeseva ze-intanethi. Mandulo 20 iminyaka, I-PHP iye yahlaziywa kaninzi ukuze ihlale isexesheni kwaye isebenza kakuhle. Namhlanje, I-PHP isetyenziselwa ukwenza iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomxholo wewebhusayithi, njengezithuba zeblogi, iiforam, kunye neeakhawunti zabasebenzisi. Unokufunda ngokulula ukubhala ikhowudi ye-PHP ukuze wakhe iwebhusayithi yakho.

Olu lwimi lokubhala lunokusetyenziswa kuzo zonke iintlobo zeenjongo. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuphuhliso lwewebhu kwaye isetyenziselwa ukwakha izicelo ezilula zokucwangcisa idatha. I-PHP iyahambelana ne-MySQL, iseva yedatha yasimahla. Ikwakuvumela ukuba uthumele ngaphandle idatha egcinwe kwiseva yakho. Unokufunda indlela yokusebenzisa i-PHP namhlanje ngokuthatha ikhosi ye-PHP. Zininzi iingenelo zokufunda i-PHP. Olu lwazi lulandelayo lwenzelwe ukukunceda ukuba uqalise. Cinga ngekhondo lomsebenzi kwi-PHP namhlanje!

Olunye uncedo oluphambili lwe-PHP kukukwazi ukuseta igalelo lomsebenzisi. Ngelixa i-HTML ingakwazi ukuphatha olu hlobo longeniso, I-PHP inako. Ngokusebenzisa le teknoloji, Ungaguqula amaphepha e-HTML abe yi-PHP, emva koko zilayishe kumncedisi kwaye uzicele ngaphandle kokuzitshintsha. Oku kwenza i-PHP ibe sisixhobo esikhulu kwi-E-Commerce. Xa isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo, I-PHP ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza umxholo owenziwe ngumsebenzisi njengeefayile zePDF, Oopopayi beFlash, kunye neefayile zeHTML. Ngaphezu koko, I-PHP ikwakuvumela ukuba ugcine iifayile zakho ezenziweyo usebenzisa i-cache yecala leseva.

Inkqubo ejolise kwinjongo

Enye ingcamango ebalulekileyo kwiprogram ye-PHP ejoliswe kwiNjongo isebenzisa umakhi weklasi yomzali. Ngamaxesha athile, ayinakwenzeka ukubiza umakhi weklasi yomzali xa udala into. Kwimeko enjalo, ungafowunela umakhi wodidi lwabazali ngokusebenzisa umqhubi wesisombululo somda “.:”. Le ndlela inokwamkela enye okanye iingxoxo ezininzi. Umakhi yeyona ndlela iphambili yento. Ibizwa ngokuba ngumakhi kuba isebenza njengeplani yokudala izinto ezintsha.

Inxalenye yokuqala yenkqubo ye-PHP ejolise kwi-Object ibandakanya ukudala ujongano. Ujongano luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweklasi oluvumela abaphuhlisi ukuba bachaze kwaye baphuhlise iinkqubo zabo. Iyafana neklasi ngaphandle kokuba ayinamzimba. I-interface inokudalwa kusetyenziswa igama elingundoqo lojongano kwi-PHP. Yenza abaphuhlisi beklasi bongeze iindlela zoluntu ngaphandle kokuphunyezwa. Okuchasene, ujongano lungohlulwa kudidi kwaye lunokuba nemizekelo engaphezulu kwesinye.

Kwinkqubo ye-PHP ejolise kwiNjongo, iklasi ihlanganisa umntu anikiweyo, usapho, kunye namanye amagama. Ukwengeza, umsebenzi olungileyo we-OO kukuveza amasimi abucala ngeendlela zoluntu ezibizwa ngokuba zii-accessors. Oku kunika uluntu indlela elula yokufikelela kulwazi kwiklasi ye-PHP. Ngele ndlela, ungagcina ulwakhiwo olufanayo ngaphandle kokwenza ikhowudi yakho kwakhona. Inkqubo ye-PHP ejolise kwinjongo yenza lula inkqubo yokuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwewebhu.

Inkqubo yenkqubo

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokucwangcisa inkqubo yekhompyuter: inkqubo nejolise kwinjongo (OOP). Ngelixa ikhowudi yenkqubo iyindlela efanelekileyo yabaqalayo, ayisiyiyo inketho elungileyo kwiingcali. Inkqubo yekhowudi ye-PHP ilandela eminye yemigaqo efana ne-OOP, njengokusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye neendlela. Kwikhowudi yenkqubo, inyathelo ngalinye lenza umsebenzi othile. Ukusebenzisa ipateni okanye isiqwenga sekhowudi, ukhowudo lwenkqubo lulandela imigaqo yenkqubo ejolise kwinto.

I-PHP lulwimi lwenkqubo. Nje ngeziphumo, ayisebenzisi naziphi na izikhokelo, eyenza kube lula ukuphuhlisa izicelo. Ngelixa i-PHP isebenzisa inkqubo yenkqubo, uninzi lweeklasi zayo zibhalwe ngolwimi olubizwa ngokuba yiC. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela ethathwa ngumqali, ikhowudi yenkqubo iya kubanceda baphuhlise isiseko esomeleleyo seeprojekthi zexesha elizayo. Kwaye okoko nje beqonda iziseko zolwimi, baya kuba nakho ukuphuhlisa izicelo ezisebenzayo ngexesha.

Omnye umgaqo obalulekileyo wenkqubo yenkqubo yi-DRY, okanye “ungaziphindi”. Oku kuthetha ukuba akufuneki ukhuphele ikhowudi ngaphandle kokuba kuyimfuneko. Kunoko, kufuneka ubeke ikhowudi eqhelekileyo kwindawo enokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Kwikhowudi yenkqubo, ikhowudi efanayo inokuvela amaxesha amaninzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Kukwanjalo nakwizinto. Ikhowudi ejolise kwinto kulula kakhulu ukuyigcina kunye nokuguqula. Esi sisenzo esihle kuye nawuphi na umphuhlisi we-PHP.

Iinkqubo

Nokuba uyakha isicelo somthengi, okanye ujonge ukwenza lula inkqubo yophuhliso, Izicwangciso zenkqubo ye-PHP zingenza inkqubo ibe lula kakhulu. Isakhelo se-PHP sibonelela ngeemodyuli ezakhiwe kwangaphambili kunye neziseko ezithatha ikhowudi eninzi edinayo kwipleyiti yakho.. Xa ukhetha enye, qwalasela izinto ezifunekayo kwiprojekthi yakho. Izikhokelo ze-PHP zinemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yenkxaso esemthethweni, inkxaso yoluntu, kunye namaxwebhu. Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka ukhethe isakhelo esisekelwe kwiimfuno zakho.

Iinkqubo ezininzi zenkqubo ye-PHP ziyafumaneka, kodwa kukho ezimbalwa ezidumileyo onokukhetha kuzo. Ngethamsanqa, ungasebenzisa isakhelo ukwenza malunga nayo yonke into onokufuna ukuyenza. Apha ngezantsi kukho iziseko ezihlanu eziphezulu ezikhoyo. Funda ngakumbi malunga nenye kwaye ukhethe eyona ilungileyo kwiprojekthi yakho. Nanga amanye amacebiso aluncedo kunye namanqaku okukunceda wenze kangangoko kwisakhelo sakho. Emva koko, khetha isakhelo esihlangabezana neemfuno zakho kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.

Ukuba uphuhlisa iwebhusayithi enkulu okanye usetyenziso lwewebhu, PHP lukhetho oluhle kakhulu. Kuba lolona lwimi ludumileyo lokubhala kwi-Intanethi, Izikhokelo ze-PHP zenza kube lula kakhulu ukwakha usetyenziso lwewebhu ngolu lwimi lunamandla. Ukongeza ekuboneleleni ngemekobume yophuhliso enamandla, izikhokelo zikwanciphisa ubuthathaka bolwimi kunye nokuphucula ukuthembeka kwalo. Esona sikhokelo silula sesona sisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi. Abo babonelela ngenkxaso ebanzi ye-PHP kunye neentlobo zeepateni zoyilo lwesoftware zinokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha kunye neendleko ezibandakanyekayo ekuphuhliseni usetyenziso lwewebhu..

Iilwimi zokubhala

I-PHP lulwimi olushicilelo lwecala lweseva oludumileyo oluvumela abaphuhlisi ukuba benze amaphepha ewebhu aguqukayo kunye nezicelo. Ulwimi lunokuthi lufakwe kwi-HTML ukwenza kube lula ukubhala ikhowudi. Ekuqaleni yayibizwa ngokuba yi-PHT, PHP imele “Iphepha leKhaya loBuntu,” kodwa kwathiwa igama elithi “I-Hypertext Preprocessor” ukubonisa ubume bolwimi. Ulwimi luneenguqulelo ezisibhozo njenge 2022.

I-PHP isimahla kunye nomthombo ovulekileyo. Oku kwenza kube lula kubaqalayo ukufunda indlela yokubhala ikhowudi ye-PHP. Ikwangumthombo ovulekileyo, ngoko nabani na unokwakha kwaye alungelelanise iimfuno zabo. I-PHP inoluntu oluchumayo lwe-intanethi kunye nezixhobo zabaphuhlisi. Ikwaxhasa zombini oovimba bedatha abanengqiqo kunye nabangenangqiqo. Ukuba ucinga ngokufunda i-PHP, Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuba uqalise. Ujongano lwayo olusebenziseka lula luya kwenza ukufunda ulwimi kube lula.

I-PHP yenye yezona lwimi zidumileyo ze-server-side scripting, iyenza igqibelele ekuphuhliseni amaphepha ewebhu aguqukayo. I-PHP ikwabonelela ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo. I-PHP idityaniswe ngokulula kwikhowudi ye-HTML kwaye iyahambelana nedathabheyisi ye-MySQL kunye ne-PgSQL. Ungaphuhlisa naluphi na uhlobo lwesicelo sewebhu nge-PHP! Kwaye kulula ukuhlela kunye nokuguqula ulwimi. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukongeza indawo yokungena, ungayitshintsha ngokulula kwi-PHP!